There is no average for age onset or percentage, and a person may experience multiple episodes throughout her life. Depersonalization disorder. This disorder involves ongoing feelings of detachment from actions, feelings, thoughts and sensations as if they are watching a movie depersonalization.
Sometimes other people and things may feel like people and things in the world around them are unreal derealization. A person may experience depersonalization, derealization or both. Symptoms can last just a matter of moments or return at times over the years. The average onset age is 16, although depersonalization episodes can start anywhere from early to mid childhood.
Dissociative identity disorder. Formerly known as multiple personality disorder, this disorder is characterized by alternating between multiple identities. A person may feel like one or more voices are trying to take control in their head. Often these identities may have unique names, characteristics, mannerisms and voices. People with DID will experience gaps in memory of every day events, personal information and trauma.
Women are more likely to be diagnosed, as they more frequently present with acute dissociative symptoms.
Men are more likely to deny symptoms and trauma histories, and commonly exhibit more violent behavior, rather than amnesia or fugue states. This can lead to elevated false negative diagnosis.
Causes Dissociative disorders usually develop as a way of dealing with trauma. It is important to keep in mind that although these alternate states may feel or appear to be very different, they are all manifestations of a single, whole person. For people with dissociative identity disorder, the extent of problems functioning can vary widely, from minimal to significant problems.
People often try to minimize the impact of their symptoms. People who have experienced physical and sexual abuse in childhood are at increased risk of dissociative identity disorder.
The vast majority of people who develop dissociative disorders have experienced repetitive, overwhelming trauma in childhood. Among people with dissociative identity disorder in the United States, Canada and Europe, about 90 percent had been the victims of childhood abuse and neglect. Suicide attempts and other self-injurious behavior are common among people with dissociative identity disorder. More than 70 percent of outpatients with dissociative identity disorder have attempted suicide.
With appropriate treatment, many people are successful in addressing the major symptoms of dissociative identity disorder and improving their ability to function and live a productive, fulfilling life. Treatment typically involves psychotherapy. Therapy can help people gain control over the dissociative process and symptoms.
The goal of therapy is to help integrate the different elements of identity. Therapy may be intense and difficult as it involves remembering and coping with past traumatic experiences. This type of amnesia can last from a few days to one or more years. Dissociative amnesia may be linked to other disorders such as an anxiety disorder. Dissociative fugue is also known as psychogenic fugue.
Typically, the person travels from home — sometimes over thousands of kilometres — while in the fugue, which may last between hours and months. People with this type of disorder say they feel distant and emotionally unconnected to themselves, as if they are watching a character in a boring movie. Other typical symptoms include problems with concentration and memory.
Time may slow down. They may perceive their body to be a different shape or size than usual; in severe cases, they cannot recognise themselves in a mirror. Dissociative identity disorder DID is the most controversial of the dissociative disorders and is disputed and debated among mental health professionals. Previously called multiple personality disorder, this is the most severe kind of dissociative disorder. The condition typically involves the coexistence of two or more personality states within the same person.
The other states may have different body language, voice tone, outlook on life and memories. The person may switch to another personality state when under stress.
A person who has dissociative identity disorder almost always has dissociative amnesia too. Most mental health professionals believe that the underlying cause of dissociative disorders is chronic trauma in childhood. Examples of trauma included repeated physical or sexual abuse, emotional abuse or neglect. It seems that the severity of the dissociative disorder in adulthood is directly related to the severity of the childhood trauma. Traumatic events that occur during adulthood may also cause dissociative disorders.
Such events may include war, torture or going through a natural disaster. Dissociative disorders always require professional diagnosis and care. Diagnosis can be tricky because dissociative disorders are complex and their symptoms are common to a number of other conditions. For example:. The effectiveness of treatments for dissociative disorders has not been studied. And while we all love a good psychological thriller, it is important to recognize that these can lead to some very glaring stigmas for those with mental health disorders of all kinds but especially those with personality or dissociative disorders.
Actually, most experts agree wholeheartedly that those with this type of disorder are considerably more likely to hurt themselves rather than ever hurt another person. Our personality is our way of thinking, feeling and behaving. It is what makes a person different from other people and helps us determine our interests.
The personality is influenced by experiences, environment surroundings, life situations and inherited characteristics. That means that a personality disorder is a way of thinking, feeling and behaving that deviates from expectation.
When someone has a personality disorder, these differences from a normal personality or reponses last over a period of time. Personality disorders are long-term patterns of behavior that differ, usually significantly, from what is expected. Meanwhile a dissociative disorder is a little different. Dissociative symptoms are also known to potentially impact every area of mental functioning. These symptoms can include detachment, loss of memory or amnesia. These types of disorders are associated with the experience of traumatic events.
This means that they may come on at a later time, unlike a personality which we have early on in life. Above, we saw the different types of disorders and over time experts came to agree that a diagnosis like split personality better fit in with the dissociative disorder category rather than the personality disorders section.
In fact, that is part of why the name was changed: to better represent the disorder.
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