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Plant Ecol. Bodner, G. Coarse and fine root plants affect pore size distribu-tions differently. Plant and Soil , — Wind dries out wet plants, preventing mildew-type diseases.
There is a problem, however, if the plant cannot replace the water fast enough. An example is when the leaves or needles of evergreens dry out in winter and they cannot restore the lost water because the ground is frozen. Strong winds can topple trees and other plants.
Light is a climatic factor that also affects plant growth and development. It is essential in photosynthesis and other important plant processes.
Summer days with excessive rainclouds that block sunlight prevent plants from getting the food they need to grow, reproduce and survive. Let's Stay Connected. By entering your email, you consent to receive communications from Penn State Extension. View our privacy policy. Thank you for your submission! Extreme weather can be detrimental to your flower and vegetable gardens. This article looks at how excessive moisture and other extremes affect plants and what you can do about it.
Photo credit: Steve Williams. Precipitation Precipitation, manifested by rain, freezing rain, sleet or ice pellets, snowfall, and hail, is an environmental factor influencing plant growth. Temperature Air temperature influences all plant growth processes including photosynthesis, respiration, transpiration, breaking of seed dormancy, and seed germination. Humidity Humidity is water vapor in the air not necessarily caused by precipitation. Wind Wind is an essential aid in the pollination process of some plants and grasses.
Sunlight Light is a climatic factor that also affects plant growth and development. Native plants often fare best as they adapt to local conditions. Choose plants that are more resistant to fungal disease and pests. This information will be on the label. Choose a diversity of plants as a hedge against new insect pests that appear when their ranges expand. Maintain space around your plants to create good air circulation. Make sure the plants you buy are suitable for your USDA hardiness zone.
Keep your plants healthy, from correct planting to watering and feeding, to help them deal with stress. Make wise choices when buying trees and shrubs. Changes in internal pressure help keep plants hydrated; water is pulled up through roots and vascular tissue when negative pressure is created through transpiration in leaves.
All water contains minerals, but the types and concentrations may vary with the source. Rainwater that falls to the ground usually filters slowly into the soil, where it will absorb ionized forms of essential plant nutrients like calcium and magnesium.
Plants take up these minerals with water that is pulled up through roots, and these essential nutrients are distributed throughout the stems and leaves of plants through vascular tissue. When watering plants with rainwater collected in rain barrels , there are a few things to keep in mind. Because bacteria and algae can grow in rain barrels, rainwater stored this way should not be considered potable.
In other words, it is not safe for humans to drink, so it should not be used to water any plants that are edible. Use rainwater from rain barrels to irrigate only the non-edible plants in your landscape, like ornamental bushes and flowers.
Although some amount of water is needed by all plants, some plants require more than others. Succulents like cacti and sedums are adapted for low-water conditions like the desert, so they need less-frequent watering than other species. Some plants, like cattails and willows, are tolerant of soggy soils, while others, like peppers and tomatoes, do not do well with "wet feet.
On the other hand, too little water can also lead to necrosis.
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